Литературное путешествие «Создатель исторического романа» — к 250-летию со дня рождения В.Скотта

Добрый день, уважаемые читатели и подписчики!

Сегодня мы отмечаем к 250-летию со дня рождения писателя Вальтера Скотта.

Сэр Вальтер Скотт считается основоположником жанра исторического романа. Успех его произведений объясняется уникальным языком, яркими, живыми описаниями и легкостью стиля. Именно в романах с наибольшей полнотой проявился литературный гений писателя. Даже семейно-бытовые конфликты он связал с судьбами нации и государства, с развитием общественной жизни. Творчество Скотта оказало огромное влияние на европейскую и американскую литературы.

Вальтер Скотт (англ. Walter Scott) родился 15 августа 1771 года в Эдинбурге (Великобритания), в семье адвоката. Уже в раннем возрасте он отличался живым умом и феноменальной памятью. В детстве Вальтер жил в Сандиноу, на ферме деда, где проникся духом шотландской истории, поэзией народных баллад и легенд, также он очень любил читать исторические произведения.

Образование Скотт получил в школе в Эдинбурге, а позже в Кельсо. По желанию отца он избрал карьеру юриста, помогал ему в делах, а в 1792 году сдал экзамен на адвоката, но увлечение книгами не оставил и по-прежнему много времени посвящал чтению. Тогда же начал собирать старинные шотландские баллады и песни. В 1797 году он женился на Шарлоте Карпентер, с которой они счастливо прожили много лет.

Чтобы заработать на содержание семьи, в 1799 году Вальтер занял должность главного судьи графства Селкиркшир, а через несколько лет стал одним из главных секретарей Верховного суда Шотландии. Скотт до конца дней исполнял эти обязанности, не пренебрегая профессией в пользу сочинительства. Хотя со временем литературный труд стал основным источником его благосостояния.

Первыми публикациями Скотта стали переводы произведений Г.Бюргера и И.Гёте в 1790-х годах. В 1802 году он опубликовал собранные и отредактированные им баллады под названием «Песни шотландской границы». Эта книга принесла ему известность. Первая поэма Скотта собственного сочинения – «Песнь последнего менестреля» вышла в 1805 году и несколько раз переиздавалась. Последующие его романтические поэмы – «Мармион» (1808), «Дева озера» (1810), «Рокби» (1813), «Властитель островов» (1815) и другие – принесли Скотту славу выдающегося поэта.

В 1810-х годах Скотт вложил деньги в типографию, которая к 1813 году оказалась на грани банкротства. Вальтер ее спас, но для покрытия долгов все последующие произведения он писал исключительно для продажи, ориентируясь на интерес публики. Первый роман Скотта «Уэверли» (1814) появился анонимно, а следующие выходили как сочинения автора «Уэверли».

Его романы разделяют на две основные группы. Первая посвящена прошлому Шотландии – «Гай Маннеринг» (1815), «Шотландские пуритане» (1816), «Монастырь» (1820), «Антиквар» (1816) и другие. Вторая группа романов посвящена прошлому Англии и континентальных стран – «Айвенго» (1819), «Кенильворт», (1821), «Приключения Найджела» (1822), «Вудсток» (1826), «Анна Гейерштейнская» (1829) и другие.

Одновременно Скотт издал более семидесяти томов других авторов, а также опубликовал ряд сочинений на исторические и историко-литературные темы: «Смерть лорда Байрона» (1824), «Жизнь Наполеона Бонапарта» (1827), «История Шотландии» в двух томах (1830), четыре выпуска «Рассказов дедушки» (1830).

В 1831 году здоровье писателя резко пошатнулось, и врачи уговорили его поехать лечиться в теплые страны. Вальтер отправился в Италию на корабле, но в пути почувствовал себя плохо и вскоре вернулся в свое поместье Аббатсфорд, где несколько месяцев находился в полубессознательном состоянии.

Умер Вальтер Скотт 21 сентября 1832 года в своем поместье, где в настоящее время открыт музей знаменитого писателя.

Предлагаем Вашему вниманию викторину «Вальтер Скотт и его время»

В произведениях Вальтера Скотта мы видим много чудесных персонажей и сцен, изображающих жизнь крепостных и свободных крестьян, или судьбы людей, выброшенных из общества, контрабандистов, разбойников, профессиональных солдат, дезертиров и т. д. Для Скотта, так же как для его читателя, созданные им образы были не вымыслом, а историей. Каждый герой Скотта, вторгается ли он в эпоху, как бурно действующая сила, или укрывается в уединении, как улитка в своей раковине, сохраняет свою точку зрения, нравственную свободу, без которой Скотт не мыслил человека. Его герои размышляют о долге, ищут нравственной правды и мучатся угрызениями совести, потому что, по мнению Скотта, без чувства долга и справедливости невозможна ни политическая, ни личная жизнь.
Предлагаем Вам вспомнить романы автора. Сопоставьте роман и описание события.

Спасибо за внимание!

Подготовила Кузавкова Ю.А.

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