«Путешествуйте сами – путешествуйте с нами» — ко Всемирному Дню туризма

Каждую осень отмечается Всемирный день туризма, 27 сентября в большинстве стран мира, включая Россию, его отпразднуют путешественники и профессионалы туристической индустрии.

Всемирный день туризма учрежден Генеральной ассамблеей всемирной туристской организации, ЮНВТО, в 1979 году в испанском городе Торремолино. Эта дата была выбрана в связи с тем, что в этот день в 1970 году был принят Устав Всемирной туристской организации.

Целью праздника является пропаганда туризма, освещение его вклада в экономику мирового сообщества, развитие связей между народами разных стран. Он призван привлечь внимание международного сообщества к важности туризма и его социальному, культурному и экономическому значению.

Ежегодно избирается девиз праздника, который задает тему мероприятий, разворачивающихся в этот день. У Всемирного дня туризма есть даже свой официальный цвет — синий. Он повторяется в оформлении праздничных мероприятий.

Считается, что первая в мире туристическая поездка состоялась в 1841 году. Организовал ее 33-летний бывший баптистский проповедник и активный борец с царившим тогда в Англии пьянством Томас Кук. Именно по его настоянию специальный поезд провез 570 рабочих по живописному маршруту между городами Лестер и Лафборо. Опыт оказался удачным: Куку позволили организовывать развлекательные (и довольно бюджетные) поездки и дальше. Так появилось первое в мире туристическое агентство. Кук разработал маршруты по многим европейским городам, придумал тур в Америку — уже через 5 лет у него было 3 миллиона клиентов. Агентство, созданное Томасом Куком, получило название Thomas Cook Group, стало одним из крупнейших в мире поставщиков туристических услуг и проработало до конца сентября 2019-го, когда компания заявила о своем банкротстве. Агентство просуществовало 178 лет.

Существуют страны, чья экономика зависит от туризма. Как правило, это небольшие государства с малой численностью населения и невысоким ВВП, значительная доля которого приходится на туризм. К таким странам можно отнести Мальту, Хорватию, Таиланд, Ямайку и Исландию.

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Есть страны, выступающие категорически против массового туризма. Попасть в них очень сложно, а находиться — очень дорого. Сегодня к таким государствам можно отнести Бутан. Малоизвестное королевство Бутан до 1974 года вообще никого не пускало к себе, защищая свои культуру и природу. Попасть туда можно было только по личному приглашению королевской семьи.  Сегодня визу в Бутан может выдать только аккредитованное агентство, каких в мире совсем немного. Максимальный срок нахождения в Бутане для туриста — 15 дней. Каждый день необходимо выплачивать туристический налог — от 200 долларов в сутки в зависимости от сезона.

В мире до недавнего времени активно развивался космический туризм. Первый космический турист, американский бизнесмен Денис Тито отправился на МКС в 2001 году. За это путешествие он выложил круглую сумму в 20 миллионов долларов. Именно Международная космическая станция и конкретно российский ее сегмент — единственная платформа, используемая в настоящее время для таких «развлечений». С тех пор на орбите побывало чуть менее десятка туристов, один из них (американский миллиардер венгерского происхождения Чарлз Симони) даже дважды. Дело не только в заоблачной цене тура (30–40 миллионов долларов), но и в суровом отборе и крайне тяжелой подготовке. За дополнительные 3 млн долларов турист с МКС может выйти в открытый космос.

По данным за 2019 год, Россияне, путешествующие по стране, чаще всего выбирают Крым, на втором месте — Санкт-Петербург, на третьем — Москва. А вот у иностранцев, решивших провести свой отпуск в России, свой топ-3 городов: это Москва, Санкт-Петербург и Калининград.

Среди туристов больше всего европейцев — ежегодно в туры отправляются около 600 миллионов жителей европейских стран. Правда, в эту статистику входят и российские путешественники. Еще около 300 миллионов активных путешественников — китайцы и их соседи. Именно граждане Поднебесной тратят на отдых больше всего денег. Доля туризма в глобальном ВВП составляет около 10%, и на протяжении полувека — это единственная отрасль экономики, которая растет, несмотря ни на какие катаклизмы и кризисы.

Интересные факты:

1 из 10 трудоустроенных жителей планеты работает в сфере туризма.

1,3 млрд — примерное количество туристических поездок во всем мире в год.

6% мирового валового национального продукта приходится на туризм; туристические услуги лидируют на мировом рынке наравне с нефтью.

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